Pyruvate

Also indexed as: Pyruvic Acid

Pyruvate (the buffered form of pyruvic acid) is a product created in the body during the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein.

Where is it found?

Pyruvate is formed in the body as a by-product of the normal metabolism of carbohydrates and protein and is present in a few foods, including red apples, cheese, dark beer, and red wine. Dietary supplements of pyruvate are also available.

Pyruvate has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):

Science Ratings	Health Concerns
	Weight loss and obesity
	Athletic performance (for exercise performance)
	Athletic performance (for improving body composition with strength training in untrained people only)
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. For a herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.

Who is likely to be deficient?

Because it is not an essential nutrient, pyruvate is not associated with a deficiency state.

How much is usually taken?

Most human research with pyruvate and weight loss has used at least 30 grams per day. However, such large amounts may not be necessary. In a six-week double-blind trial, as little as 6 grams per day of pyruvate in combination with exercise, led to greater weight loss and loss of body fat, compared with a placebo plus exercise.¹

Are there any side effects or interactions?

High intakes of pyruvate can trigger gastro-intestinal upset, such as wind, bloating, and diarrhoea. One preliminary study in exercising women found 10 grams per day of pyruvate reduced blood levels of HDL (the “good” cholesterol) after one month.²

At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with pyruvate.

References

1. Kalman D, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals. Nutrition 1999;15:337–40.

2. Koh P, Kreider R, Ferreira M, et al. Effects of pyruvate supplementation during training on hematologic and metabolic profiles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:S155 [abstract].

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The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or chemist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires August 2007.